9 New Messages
Digest #4597
2
SPORTS MEDICINE : PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND FITNESS : MEDICAL: CONDITION by "David P. Dillard" jwneastro
Messages
Sun Jul 22, 2012 9:12 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"CoachJ1@aol.com" coachj12002
Hi Amby!
Good to hear from you!
>His legal team obviously won his case on the question of "advantage".
from the Weyand/Bundle corrections and clarification paper:
"The publicly available ruling of the CAS indicates that the issue the
court considered was whether the specific eligibility ban imposed on Mr.
Pistorius by the IAAF was scientifically valid or not
The court DID NOT rule "no advantage" for Mr. Pistorius. Rather, the
court overturned the IAAF's eligibility ban due to the inadequate supporting
evidence offered by the IAAF. In the very ruling that overturned the ban, the
CAS specifically pointed out that Mr. Pistorius blades may, in fact,
provide a competitive advantage."
Ken Jakalski
Lisle HS
Lisle, IL USA
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Good to hear from you!
>His legal team obviously won his case on the question of "advantage".
from the Weyand/Bundle corrections and clarification paper:
"The publicly available ruling of the CAS indicates that the issue the
court considered was whether the specific eligibility ban imposed on Mr.
Pistorius by the IAAF was scientifically valid or not
The court DID NOT rule "no advantage" for Mr. Pistorius. Rather, the
court overturned the IAAF's eligibility ban due to the inadequate supporting
evidence offered by the IAAF. In the very ruling that overturned the ban, the
CAS specifically pointed out that Mr. Pistorius blades may, in fact,
provide a competitive advantage."
Ken Jakalski
Lisle HS
Lisle, IL USA
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Sun Jul 22, 2012 9:12 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"deadliftdiva@comcast.net"
Wow, the way this is laid out - coupled with the Rice researchers, there is little doubt that at least by rule and by science, the gentleman has an "advantage".
If we are to take the rules and the researchers as correct, that the inclusion of the blades is indeed not usual to the athlete and against the rule of the sport, then we have another question:
Is the fact the athlete has not run a superior time then the fault solely of the athlete - and the equipment has made an athlete who did not have the superior talent into one who is now at an elite event?
Laying aside the fact that being an amputee is not a choice, and that it is a severe disability - would a blade equipped athlete with demonstrable talent prior to their incorporation shatter the world records?
Would a meat athlete using blades be allowed under both the cited rules - despite the inclusion of the athlete in question under both rules?
Would a shoe manufacturer use this inclusion to petition for a spring shoe? a shoe using blade technology? (and a second question - the one of changing the dimension of something - a heeled shoe would "change the dimension" of the runner - were the use of a heel an advantage, this would be a rule infraction?)
And as long as we are laying out all the "advantages" - both above and below the table - what is the incidence of WADA failures in the parapalegic elite events? Would the athlete in question be able to use "all" the substances and other tricks his competitors may well avail themselves of, whether they are detected in competition or not? Would not a parapalegic be too delicate in their constitution to use some of the things others clearly use or test positive for?
Would then a bladed athlete of parapalegic type be on a nearly equal footing with an elite athlete using substances and other training means not available to him?
The discussion is a productive one and I don't think we have conclusive answers both on the true impact of blades and their inclusion against the rules, or the real impact of the blades on the amputees and their future in sport.
The Phantom
aka Linda Schaefer, CMT/RMT, competing powerlifter
Denver, Colorado, USA
----- Original Message -----
From: "ambyburf" <amby.burfoot@rodale.com >
To: Supertraining@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Saturday, July 21, 2012 9:34:28 AM
Subject: [Supertraining] Re: Olympic Games Blades Sprinter - Comments?
RE Oscar Pistorius and his blades, the following appears to be the relevant IAAF regulation. His legal team obviously won his case on the question of "advantage".
For the purpose of this Rule the following shall be considered
assistance, and are therefore not allowed:
(f) use of any technical device that incorporates springs, wheels or
any other element that provides the user with an advantage over
another athlete not using such a device.
(g) use of any appliance that has the effect of increasing the
dimension of a piece of equipment beyond the permitted maximum
in the Rules or that provides the user with an advantage which he
would not have obtained using the equipment specified in the
Rules.
Amby Burfoot
Runner's World Magazine
Emmaus PA
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
If we are to take the rules and the researchers as correct, that the inclusion of the blades is indeed not usual to the athlete and against the rule of the sport, then we have another question:
Is the fact the athlete has not run a superior time then the fault solely of the athlete - and the equipment has made an athlete who did not have the superior talent into one who is now at an elite event?
Laying aside the fact that being an amputee is not a choice, and that it is a severe disability - would a blade equipped athlete with demonstrable talent prior to their incorporation shatter the world records?
Would a meat athlete using blades be allowed under both the cited rules - despite the inclusion of the athlete in question under both rules?
Would a shoe manufacturer use this inclusion to petition for a spring shoe? a shoe using blade technology? (and a second question - the one of changing the dimension of something - a heeled shoe would "change the dimension" of the runner - were the use of a heel an advantage, this would be a rule infraction?)
And as long as we are laying out all the "advantages" - both above and below the table - what is the incidence of WADA failures in the parapalegic elite events? Would the athlete in question be able to use "all" the substances and other tricks his competitors may well avail themselves of, whether they are detected in competition or not? Would not a parapalegic be too delicate in their constitution to use some of the things others clearly use or test positive for?
Would then a bladed athlete of parapalegic type be on a nearly equal footing with an elite athlete using substances and other training means not available to him?
The discussion is a productive one and I don't think we have conclusive answers both on the true impact of blades and their inclusion against the rules, or the real impact of the blades on the amputees and their future in sport.
The Phantom
aka Linda Schaefer, CMT/RMT, competing powerlifter
Denver, Colorado, USA
----- Original Message -----
From: "ambyburf" <amby.burfoot@
To: Supertraining@
Sent: Saturday, July 21, 2012 9:34:28 AM
Subject: [Supertraining] Re: Olympic Games Blades Sprinter - Comments?
RE Oscar Pistorius and his blades, the following appears to be the relevant IAAF regulation. His legal team obviously won his case on the question of "advantage".
For the purpose of this Rule the following shall be considered
assistance, and are therefore not allowed:
(f) use of any technical device that incorporates springs, wheels or
any other element that provides the user with an advantage over
another athlete not using such a device.
(g) use of any appliance that has the effect of increasing the
dimension of a piece of equipment beyond the permitted maximum
in the Rules or that provides the user with an advantage which he
would not have obtained using the equipment specified in the
Rules.
Amby Burfoot
Runner's World Magazine
Emmaus PA
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Sun Jul 22, 2012 9:12 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"Michael" mbense@btinternet.com
Hi Ken
This is an endlessly fascinating and layered topic! The science is very complicated, and while I don't dispute (or pretend to understand) the data, data still has to be interpreted. If I have understood your post, the interpretation is that the carbon fibre legs give Oscar an 11.9 second advantage over 400m. Is that an advantage over all other able-bodied athletes (clearly not) or a (hypothetical) able-bodied version of himself? The truth is we have no way of knowing how good Oscar would have been if he had been born with "normal" legs.
Even if we had a 45-46 second 400m athlete who lost their legs and subsequently learned to run on the same carbon fibre legs, we would not be comparing like with like. Oscar has never known any other way of walking/running, so his upper legs are optimized in terms of compensating for the lack of lower limbs and co-operating with his prosthetics. Perhaps that is why he is the only paralympic athlete who is right up there with the best of the able-bodied athletes, who knows? Fortunately/unfortunately there is not much peer data to contextualise how exceptional he is (I don't want to wish there were more disabled athletes to compare him to. Slippery slope.)
As a South African and huge fan of Oscar's, something inside me finds it hard to accept that the research indicates that he would have been a 57 second runner if he had biological legs. Emotions aside, you will know that sprinting is a highly complex activity that recruits so many elements of the physiology, that it must be very hard to isolate the specific contribution of individual links in that chain. For example, I'm sure you've had athletes on your teams over the years who look like a million dollars: perfect physiques, height, power to weight ratio etc, who for some reason just don't have the co-ordination to turn their physical gifts into speed ;-)
I think the point about Oscar is that he is a unique person, in a unique situation at a specific time in history, and that his inclusion adds interest to the games and the chance to re-focus on the (real)Olympic spirit and to inspire many people who might otherwise have become jaded on the topic of super-gifted professional athletes, many of whom have abused their gifts, and the trust of the viewing public. As a matter of interest, how conclusive is the science on the long term advantages to drug cheats who were caught and banned and given the chance to compete again? Can we ever truly know how much of a foundation the drug-fuelled training laid down for them?
I would like to think that this (Oscar's inspirational value) is what the decision was actually based on, regardless of the scientific data. And I dare say if he were running 40 secs flat they would have decided the other way!
All of that said, I do kind of agree with Jimson Lee, that he should choose between the Olympics and the Paraolympics. After all, he fought so hard for the right to mix it with the able-bodied boys. But I suppose he has a loyalty and a duty to that community too.
By the way Ken, I'm a big fan of your articles. It's great to be able to learn from someone with so much experience, who is constantly pushing the envelope. Keep up the great work!
Best regards
Michael Bense
Masters Athlete (100m 200m 400m)
London
United Kingdom
--- In Supertraining@yahoogroups.com , CoachJ1@... wrote:
>
> Hi Linda!
>
> Good to hear from you!
>
> My kids still refer to you as the "Deadlift Diva" That is a cool nickname!
>
>
>
> I think the OP story has divided the research community, at least there are
> disagreement among the seven who were originally involved in testing
> Pistorius relative to the what the blades were allowing him to do.
>
> Two of the members of that research team (Peter Weyand and Matt Bundle)
> have never backed off their position regarding what their data show relative
> to Pistorius's swing time--an indication of a clear advantage.
>
> However, the facts behind the CAS ruling really have been misreported to
> the point that Bundle/Weyand issued the following in an effort to present
> the actual facts.
>
> Misreported Incorrect Item 1 - The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)
> ruled that Mr. Pistorius’ artificial limbs DO NOT provide an advantage vs.
> intact limbs during sprint running.
> Fact â€" The publicly available ruling of the CAS indicates that the issue
> the court considered was whether the specific eligibility ban imposed on Mr.
> Pistorius by the IAAF was scientifically valid or not.
> Fact - The court DID NOT rule “no advantage†for Mr. Pistorius. Rather,
> the court overturned the IAAF’s eligibility ban due to the inadequate
> supporting evidence offered by the IAAF. In the very ruling that overturned the
> ban, the CAS specifically pointed out that Mr. Pistorius blades may, in fact,
> provide a competitive advantage.
>
> Misreported Incorrect Item 2 â€" Matthew Bundle and Peter Weyand testified
> before the CAS that the artificial limbs of Oscar Pistorius DO NOT PROVIDE a
> competitive advantage and at a later time reversed themselves and stated
> that Mr. Pistorius’ artificial limbs DO PROVIDE an advantage.
> Fact â€" First, neither of us were present at the CAS hearing. Second, since
> we first reviewed the data obtained in Dr Weyand’s laboratory in the
> spring of 2008 we have been completely consistent in our public and scientific
> communications in stating:
> 1) The scientific rationale put forth by the IAAF leading to Pistorius’
> ban in 2007, was not valid, and
> 2) The entirely distinct data that we collected and published with Drs.
> Herr, Kram and others, indicate that the carbon fiber prostheses worn by Mr.
> Pistorius provide major competitive advantages vs. biological limbs.
>
> Misreported Incorrect Item 3 â€" The 11.9 second advantage over 400-meters
> provided to Mr. Pistorius by his artificial limbs is a “back of the envelope
> calculation†that has never been peer-reviewed.
> Fact â€" All of the data used to quantify the advantage that Mr. Pistorius’
> blades provide was published after peer-review and with Drs. Herr and Kram
> as co-authors. These data first appeared in an original manuscript that
> was published in the print version of the Journal of Applied Physiology in
> April 2009.
> A second peer-reviewed paper presented the analysis that used the
> previously published data to quantify Mr. Pistorius’ 11.9 second advantage over
> 400-meter race. This second manuscript was a point/counterpoint contribution
> that also appeared in the Journal of Applied Physiology. The peer review of
> this second manuscript was conducted in accordance with the Journal’s
> policy as described on its website:
> “Articles in the pro-and-con series are subject to peer-review by the
> editor and editorial consultants, and acceptance cannot be guaranteed in
> advance.â€
> Our point/counterpoint manuscript was reviewed and accepted by the former
> editor-in-chief of the Journal.
> The two quantitative relationships used to determine the magnitude of Mr.
> Pistorius’ advantage first appeared in respective papers published in 2000
> and 2003. The supporting data bases in the original and subsequent papers
> include hundreds of all-out running trials that validated the accuracy of
> these relationships to within 3.5% or less.
>
> Misunderstood Item 4 â€" Why did Peter Weyand and Matthew Bundle wait until
> 18 months after the CAS Hearing to make their conclusions public?
> Answer 4 â€" Because doing so was the only responsible, fair and
> scientifically credible way to disseminate our research findings that Mr. Pistorius’
> artificial limbs do indeed provide a major competitive advantage.
> The least responsible course of action would have been to release our
> advantage conclusion without: 1) the supporting data and analysis, and 2)
> without peer review by other scientists. Early public release of our conclusion
> without data, a supporting analysis and peer-review would have brought about
> confusion for all, been unfair to Mr. Pistorius, other athletes, policy
> makers, and the public. This course also would have violated the well-founded
> conventions for the ethical, responsible dissemination of scientific
> information and conclusions.
>
> One result of the scientific disagreement among researchers working on the
> Pistorius project was that the peer-review publication process necessarily
> involved two steps, a first publication authored by all that introduced the
> relevant data, and a second in which we were able to publish our advantage
> analysis and conclusions alongside an alternative conclusion offered by
> Drs. Kram and Herr. Because each round of the peer-review process typically
> takes a minimum of one to two months after the lengthy process of manuscript
> preparation, we were fortunate to publish the two papers as quickly as we
> did."
>
> I hope this helps. I've had an interest/involvment in double BTK amputees
> since former paralympic champion Tony Volptentest compteted on my school
> track here in Lisle back in '97--years before Pistorius and his carbon fiber
> blades became an issue.
>
> Respectfully,
>
> Ken Jakalski
> Lisle Senior High School
> Lisle, IL USA
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
This is an endlessly fascinating and layered topic! The science is very complicated, and while I don't dispute (or pretend to understand) the data, data still has to be interpreted. If I have understood your post, the interpretation is that the carbon fibre legs give Oscar an 11.9 second advantage over 400m. Is that an advantage over all other able-bodied athletes (clearly not) or a (hypothetical) able-bodied version of himself? The truth is we have no way of knowing how good Oscar would have been if he had been born with "normal" legs.
Even if we had a 45-46 second 400m athlete who lost their legs and subsequently learned to run on the same carbon fibre legs, we would not be comparing like with like. Oscar has never known any other way of walking/running, so his upper legs are optimized in terms of compensating for the lack of lower limbs and co-operating with his prosthetics. Perhaps that is why he is the only paralympic athlete who is right up there with the best of the able-bodied athletes, who knows? Fortunately/
As a South African and huge fan of Oscar's, something inside me finds it hard to accept that the research indicates that he would have been a 57 second runner if he had biological legs. Emotions aside, you will know that sprinting is a highly complex activity that recruits so many elements of the physiology, that it must be very hard to isolate the specific contribution of individual links in that chain. For example, I'm sure you've had athletes on your teams over the years who look like a million dollars: perfect physiques, height, power to weight ratio etc, who for some reason just don't have the co-ordination to turn their physical gifts into speed ;-)
I think the point about Oscar is that he is a unique person, in a unique situation at a specific time in history, and that his inclusion adds interest to the games and the chance to re-focus on the (real)Olympic spirit and to inspire many people who might otherwise have become jaded on the topic of super-gifted professional athletes, many of whom have abused their gifts, and the trust of the viewing public. As a matter of interest, how conclusive is the science on the long term advantages to drug cheats who were caught and banned and given the chance to compete again? Can we ever truly know how much of a foundation the drug-fuelled training laid down for them?
I would like to think that this (Oscar's inspirational value) is what the decision was actually based on, regardless of the scientific data. And I dare say if he were running 40 secs flat they would have decided the other way!
All of that said, I do kind of agree with Jimson Lee, that he should choose between the Olympics and the Paraolympics. After all, he fought so hard for the right to mix it with the able-bodied boys. But I suppose he has a loyalty and a duty to that community too.
By the way Ken, I'm a big fan of your articles. It's great to be able to learn from someone with so much experience, who is constantly pushing the envelope. Keep up the great work!
Best regards
Michael Bense
Masters Athlete (100m 200m 400m)
London
United Kingdom
--- In Supertraining@
>
> Hi Linda!
>
> Good to hear from you!
>
> My kids still refer to you as the "Deadlift Diva" That is a cool nickname!
>
>
>
> I think the OP story has divided the research community, at least there are
> disagreement among the seven who were originally involved in testing
> Pistorius relative to the what the blades were allowing him to do.
>
> Two of the members of that research team (Peter Weyand and Matt Bundle)
> have never backed off their position regarding what their data show relative
> to Pistorius's swing time--an indication of a clear advantage.
>
> However, the facts behind the CAS ruling really have been misreported to
> the point that Bundle/Weyand issued the following in an effort to present
> the actual facts.
>
> Misreported Incorrect Item 1 - The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)
> ruled that Mr. Pistorius’ artificial limbs DO NOT provide an advantage vs.
> intact limbs during sprint running.
> Fact â€" The publicly available ruling of the CAS indicates that the issue
> the court considered was whether the specific eligibility ban imposed on Mr.
> Pistorius by the IAAF was scientifically valid or not.
> Fact - The court DID NOT rule “no advantage†for Mr. Pistorius. Rather,
> the court overturned the IAAF’s eligibility ban due to the inadequate
> supporting evidence offered by the IAAF. In the very ruling that overturned the
> ban, the CAS specifically pointed out that Mr. Pistorius blades may, in fact,
> provide a competitive advantage.
>
> Misreported Incorrect Item 2 â€" Matthew Bundle and Peter Weyand testified
> before the CAS that the artificial limbs of Oscar Pistorius DO NOT PROVIDE a
> competitive advantage and at a later time reversed themselves and stated
> that Mr. Pistorius’ artificial limbs DO PROVIDE an advantage.
> Fact â€" First, neither of us were present at the CAS hearing. Second, since
> we first reviewed the data obtained in Dr Weyand’s laboratory in the
> spring of 2008 we have been completely consistent in our public and scientific
> communications in stating:
> 1) The scientific rationale put forth by the IAAF leading to Pistorius’
> ban in 2007, was not valid, and
> 2) The entirely distinct data that we collected and published with Drs.
> Herr, Kram and others, indicate that the carbon fiber prostheses worn by Mr.
> Pistorius provide major competitive advantages vs. biological limbs.
>
> Misreported Incorrect Item 3 â€" The 11.9 second advantage over 400-meters
> provided to Mr. Pistorius by his artificial limbs is a “back of the envelope
> calculation†that has never been peer-reviewed.
> Fact â€" All of the data used to quantify the advantage that Mr. Pistorius’
> blades provide was published after peer-review and with Drs. Herr and Kram
> as co-authors. These data first appeared in an original manuscript that
> was published in the print version of the Journal of Applied Physiology in
> April 2009.
> A second peer-reviewed paper presented the analysis that used the
> previously published data to quantify Mr. Pistorius’ 11.9 second advantage over
> 400-meter race. This second manuscript was a point/counterpoint contribution
> that also appeared in the Journal of Applied Physiology. The peer review of
> this second manuscript was conducted in accordance with the Journal’s
> policy as described on its website:
> “Articles in the pro-and-con series are subject to peer-review by the
> editor and editorial consultants, and acceptance cannot be guaranteed in
> advance.â€
> Our point/counterpoint manuscript was reviewed and accepted by the former
> editor-in-chief of the Journal.
> The two quantitative relationships used to determine the magnitude of Mr.
> Pistorius’ advantage first appeared in respective papers published in 2000
> and 2003. The supporting data bases in the original and subsequent papers
> include hundreds of all-out running trials that validated the accuracy of
> these relationships to within 3.5% or less.
>
> Misunderstood Item 4 â€" Why did Peter Weyand and Matthew Bundle wait until
> 18 months after the CAS Hearing to make their conclusions public?
> Answer 4 â€" Because doing so was the only responsible, fair and
> scientifically credible way to disseminate our research findings that Mr. Pistorius’
> artificial limbs do indeed provide a major competitive advantage.
> The least responsible course of action would have been to release our
> advantage conclusion without: 1) the supporting data and analysis, and 2)
> without peer review by other scientists. Early public release of our conclusion
> without data, a supporting analysis and peer-review would have brought about
> confusion for all, been unfair to Mr. Pistorius, other athletes, policy
> makers, and the public. This course also would have violated the well-founded
> conventions for the ethical, responsible dissemination of scientific
> information and conclusions.
>
> One result of the scientific disagreement among researchers working on the
> Pistorius project was that the peer-review publication process necessarily
> involved two steps, a first publication authored by all that introduced the
> relevant data, and a second in which we were able to publish our advantage
> analysis and conclusions alongside an alternative conclusion offered by
> Drs. Kram and Herr. Because each round of the peer-review process typically
> takes a minimum of one to two months after the lengthy process of manuscript
> preparation, we were fortunate to publish the two papers as quickly as we
> did."
>
> I hope this helps. I've had an interest/involvment in double BTK amputees
> since former paralympic champion Tony Volptentest compteted on my school
> track here in Lisle back in '97--years before Pistorius and his carbon fiber
> blades became an issue.
>
> Respectfully,
>
> Ken Jakalski
> Lisle Senior High School
> Lisle, IL USA
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
Sun Jul 22, 2012 10:56 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"kenlargent" kenlargent
I feel I should mention that I recently saw Oscar Pistorius run in the Prefontaine Classic. While the 'blades' may have mechanical advantage they definitely have limitation, especially in initial acceleration. Watch videos of his running in elite races and you can see what I observed. Also, his stride mechanics have to be different from full bodied runners. One might ask if the innate human movement pattern for running is really that compatible for that needed for blade running. I'm referencing the perspective of Esther Thelen's Dynamic Systems Theory.
As an aside, I feel privileged to see world elite track and field athletes compete regularly in Eugene. It's a great venue to watch varying coordination patterns and performance.
Ken Largent
Bend, Oregon
Sun Jul 22, 2012 11:23 pm (PDT) . Posted by:
"deadliftdiva@comcast.net"
With regard to the running style - well, we still have the highly upright Michael Johnson with his unique style and possibly an athlete with this tendency might do well with the upright blades?
I believe we may have at least one example of drug usage and then competition post usage (essentially getting extra tests and with WADA breathing down their necks..). Marion Jones was arguably a great sprinter during her BALCO years - but her performance has been less than stellar post usage return to sport.
One other irony though - another sprinter of USA was busted for her steroid usage and bluntly said she'd do it again.
I wonder how much money we are spending even pretending folks don't use at the high levels of the Games and the Tour de France, etc... Is it time to just throw in the towel on "level field" and truly level it in the Tour de France by declaring it professional and stopping the testing once and for all?
The Phantom
aka Linda Schaefer, CMT/RMT, competing powerlifter
Denver, Colorado, USA
----- Original Message -----
From: "Michael" <mbense@btinternet.
To: Supertraining@
Sent: Saturday, July 21, 2012 2:41:01 PM
Subject: [Supertraining] Re: Olympic Games Blades Sprinter - Comments?
Hi Ken
This is an endlessly fascinating and layered topic! The science is very complicated, and while I don't dispute (or pretend to understand) the data, data still has to be interpreted. If I have understood your post, the interpretation is that the carbon fibre legs give Oscar an 11.9 second advantage over 400m. Is that an advantage over all other able-bodied athletes (clearly not) or a (hypothetical) able-bodied version of himself? The truth is we have no way of knowing how good Oscar would have been if he had been born with "normal" legs.
Even if we had a 45-46 second 400m athlete who lost their legs and subsequently learned to run on the same carbon fibre legs, we would not be comparing like with like. Oscar has never known any other way of walking/running, so his upper legs are optimized in terms of compensating for the lack of lower limbs and co-operating with his prosthetics. Perhaps that is why he is the only paralympic athlete who is right up there with the best of the able-bodied athletes, who knows? Fortunately/
As a South African and huge fan of Oscar's, something inside me finds it hard to accept that the research indicates that he would have been a 57 second runner if he had biological legs. Emotions aside, you will know that sprinting is a highly complex activity that recruits so many elements of the physiology, that it must be very hard to isolate the specific contribution of individual links in that chain. For example, I'm sure you've had athletes on your teams over the years who look like a million dollars: perfect physiques, height, power to weight ratio etc, who for some reason just don't have the co-ordination to turn their physical gifts into speed ;-)
I think the point about Oscar is that he is a unique person, in a unique situation at a specific time in history, and that his inclusion adds interest to the games and the chance to re-focus on the (real)Olympic spirit and to inspire many people who might otherwise have become jaded on the topic of super-gifted professional athletes, many of whom have abused their gifts, and the trust of the viewing public. As a matter of interest, how conclusive is the science on the long term advantages to drug cheats who were caught and banned and given the chance to compete again? Can we ever truly know how much of a foundation the drug-fuelled training laid down for them?
I would like to think that this (Oscar's inspirational value) is what the decision was actually based on, regardless of the scientific data. And I dare say if he were running 40 secs flat they would have decided the other way!
All of that said, I do kind of agree with Jimson Lee, that he should choose between the Olympics and the Paraolympics. After all, he fought so hard for the right to mix it with the able-bodied boys. But I suppose he has a loyalty and a duty to that community too.
By the way Ken, I'm a big fan of your articles. It's great to be able to learn from someone with so much experience, who is constantly pushing the envelope. Keep up the great work!
Best regards
Michael Bense
Masters Athlete (100m 200m 400m)
London
United Kingdom
--- In Supertraining@
>
> Hi Linda!
>
> Good to hear from you!
>
> My kids still refer to you as the "Deadlift Diva" That is a cool nickname!
>
>
>
> I think the OP story has divided the research community, at least there are
> disagreement among the seven who were originally involved in testing
> Pistorius relative to the what the blades were allowing him to do.
>
> Two of the members of that research team (Peter Weyand and Matt Bundle)
> have never backed off their position regarding what their data show relative
> to Pistorius's swing time--an indication of a clear advantage.
>
> However, the facts behind the CAS ruling really have been misreported to
> the point that Bundle/Weyand issued the following in an effort to present
> the actual facts.
>
> Misreported Incorrect Item 1 - The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)
> ruled that Mr. Pistorius’ artificial limbs DO NOT provide an advantage vs.
> intact limbs during sprint running.
> Fact â€" The publicly available ruling of the CAS indicates that the issue
> the court considered was whether the specific eligibility ban imposed on Mr.
> Pistorius by the IAAF was scientifically valid or not.
> Fact - The court DID NOT rule “no advantage� for Mr. Pistorius. Rather,
> the court overturned the IAAF’s eligibility ban due to the inadequate
> supporting evidence offered by the IAAF. In the very ruling that overturned the
> ban, the CAS specifically pointed out that Mr. Pistorius blades may, in fact,
> provide a competitive advantage.
>
> Misreported Incorrect Item 2 â€" Matthew Bundle and Peter Weyand testified
> before the CAS that the artificial limbs of Oscar Pistorius DO NOT PROVIDE a
> competitive advantage and at a later time reversed themselves and stated
> that Mr. Pistorius’ artificial limbs DO PROVIDE an advantage.
> Fact â€" First, neither of us were present at the CAS hearing. Second, since
> we first reviewed the data obtained in Dr Weyand’s laboratory in the
> spring of 2008 we have been completely consistent in our public and scientific
> communications in stating:
> 1) The scientific rationale put forth by the IAAF leading to Pistorius’
> ban in 2007, was not valid, and
> 2) The entirely distinct data that we collected and published with Drs.
> Herr, Kram and others, indicate that the carbon fiber prostheses worn by Mr.
> Pistorius provide major competitive advantages vs. biological limbs.
>
> Misreported Incorrect Item 3 â€" The 11.9 second advantage over 400-meters
> provided to Mr. Pistorius by his artificial limbs is a “back of the envelope
> calculation� that has never been peer-reviewed.
> Fact â€" All of the data used to quantify the advantage that Mr. Pistorius’
> blades provide was published after peer-review and with Drs. Herr and Kram
> as co-authors. These data first appeared in an original manuscript that
> was published in the print version of the Journal of Applied Physiology in
> April 2009.
> A second peer-reviewed paper presented the analysis that used the
> previously published data to quantify Mr. Pistorius’ 11.9 second advantage over
> 400-meter race. This second manuscript was a point/counterpoint contribution
> that also appeared in the Journal of Applied Physiology. The peer review of
> this second manuscript was conducted in accordance with the Journal’s
> policy as described on its website:
> “Articles in the pro-and-con series are subject to peer-review by the
> editor and editorial consultants, and acceptance cannot be guaranteed in
> advance.�
> Our point/counterpoint manuscript was reviewed and accepted by the former
> editor-in-chief of the Journal.
> The two quantitative relationships used to determine the magnitude of Mr.
> Pistorius’ advantage first appeared in respective papers published in 2000
> and 2003. The supporting data bases in the original and subsequent papers
> include hundreds of all-out running trials that validated the accuracy of
> these relationships to within 3.5% or less.
>
> Misunderstood Item 4 â€" Why did Peter Weyand and Matthew Bundle wait until
> 18 months after the CAS Hearing to make their conclusions public?
> Answer 4 â€" Because doing so was the only responsible, fair and
> scientifically credible way to disseminate our research findings that Mr. Pistorius’
> artificial limbs do indeed provide a major competitive advantage.
> The least responsible course of action would have been to release our
> advantage conclusion without: 1) the supporting data and analysis, and 2)
> without peer review by other scientists. Early public release of our conclusion
> without data, a supporting analysis and peer-review would have brought about
> confusion for all, been unfair to Mr. Pistorius, other athletes, policy
> makers, and the public. This course also would have violated the well-founded
> conventions for the ethical, responsible dissemination of scientific
> information and conclusions.
>
> One result of the scientific disagreement among researchers working on the
> Pistorius project was that the peer-review publication process necessarily
> involved two steps, a first publication authored by all that introduced the
> relevant data, and a second in which we were able to publish our advantage
> analysis and conclusions alongside an alternative conclusion offered by
> Drs. Kram and Herr. Because each round of the peer-review process typically
> takes a minimum of one to two months after the lengthy process of manuscript
> preparation, we were fortunate to publish the two papers as quickly as we
> did."
>
> I hope this helps. I've had an interest/involvment in double BTK amputees
> since former paralympic champion Tony Volptentest compteted on my school
> track here in Lisle back in '97--years before Pistorius and his carbon fiber
> blades became an issue.
>
> Respectfully,
>
> Ken Jakalski
> Lisle Senior High School
> Lisle, IL USA
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Sun Jul 22, 2012 11:23 pm (PDT) . Posted by:
"CoachJ1@aol.com" coachj12002
Hi Ken!
In a message dated 7/22/2012 12:56:48 P.M. Central Daylight Time,
facilitation@msn.com writes:
I feel I should mention that I recently saw Oscar Pistorius run in the
Prefontaine Classic. While the 'blades' may have mechanical advantage they
definitely have limitation, especially in initial acceleration
Yes. You are indeed accurate. This is what I observed when former World
Paralympic Sprint Champion Tony Volpentest came to Lisle to run on my high
school track back in 1997.
Regardless of how technically advanced his carbon fiber blades are (and
Pistorius's Cheetahs are for more advanced than Volpentest's keel bars), they
don't offer any advantage during the start and acceleration phase.
Volpentest experienced similar problems with the start. Of course,
missing his lower arms,and having to place his remaining upper arms on padded
paint cans just to start didn't help, but as John Buckley once noted:
"All a (passive) prosthesis can do is return (in an elastic manner) the
energy it is able to store following foot contact. But of course, for an
amputee to benefit from this energy return, the deformation and recoil of the
prosthesis needs to occur at an optimal frequency (related to contact time).
It is difficult to imagine that this could occur for all phases of the 100m
sprint, i.e. both the acceleration and maximum speed phases."
Volpentest ran both the 100 and 200 in Lisle. He was actually beaten in
the 100 (I had assembled an impressive field of Masters athletes to race
against him).. But the 200 was a completely different story. Once he was up
to speed, he simply blew away the same field who raced against him in the
100.
Ken Jakalski
Lisle High School
Lisle, IL USA
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
In a message dated 7/22/2012 12:56:48 P.M. Central Daylight Time,
facilitation@
I feel I should mention that I recently saw Oscar Pistorius run in the
Prefontaine Classic. While the 'blades' may have mechanical advantage they
definitely have limitation, especially in initial acceleration
Yes. You are indeed accurate. This is what I observed when former World
Paralympic Sprint Champion Tony Volpentest came to Lisle to run on my high
school track back in 1997.
Regardless of how technically advanced his carbon fiber blades are (and
Pistorius's Cheetahs are for more advanced than Volpentest's keel bars), they
don't offer any advantage during the start and acceleration phase.
Volpentest experienced similar problems with the start. Of course,
missing his lower arms,and having to place his remaining upper arms on padded
paint cans just to start didn't help, but as John Buckley once noted:
"All a (passive) prosthesis can do is return (in an elastic manner) the
energy it is able to store following foot contact. But of course, for an
amputee to benefit from this energy return, the deformation and recoil of the
prosthesis needs to occur at an optimal frequency (related to contact time).
It is difficult to imagine that this could occur for all phases of the 100m
sprint, i.e. both the acceleration and maximum speed phases."
Volpentest ran both the 100 and 200 in Lisle. He was actually beaten in
the 100 (I had assembled an impressive field of Masters athletes to race
against him).. But the 200 was a completely different story. Once he was up
to speed, he simply blew away the same field who raced against him in the
100.
Ken Jakalski
Lisle High School
Lisle, IL USA
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Sun Jul 22, 2012 11:24 pm (PDT) . Posted by:
"CoachJ1@aol.com" coachj12002
Hi Michael!
Thanks for your note, and the kind comments. I retired from teaching and
coaching this June after thirty-seven years in education. The district could
not find any takers for either my cross country or track position, so it
looks like I'll be back coaching.
My interest in paralympic sprinters goes back to 1997 As I noted in
another post, former World Paralympic Sprint Champion Tony Volpentest came to
race on my high school track here in Lisle.
I once shared my observations with Mel, who was equally interested because
he believed that the way disabled athletes translate the skills of their
respective sports had the potential to tell us a great deal about the
mechanics used by able bodied athletes.
In the case of Volpentest, his remarkable achievements, considering he had
no lower arms or legs, led me to the locomotion research lab at Harvard in
an effort to explain how such an athlete could achieve some pretty amazing
times with minimal arm contribution and no feet for an active push-off in
the latter third of the stance period.
So, on to Oscar, who was eleven years old when Volpentest was racing in
his prime:
Regarding observations about his projected times, either in terms of his
advantage--or his "disadvantage had he not been racing in carbon fiber
blades--you'
generated.
Some members of the Rice research team took exception to the point about
Pistorius having an 11.9 second advantage over 400 meters, and noted that
the number was a "back of the envelope calculation" that had never been
peer-reviewed.
The Weyand/Bundle response: " All of the data used to quantify the
advantage that Mr. Pistorius' blades provide was published after peer-review and
with Drs. Herr and Kram as co-authors. These data first appeared in an
original manuscript that was published in the print version of the Journal of
Applied Physiology in April 2009.
A second peer-reviewed paper presented the analysis that used the
previously published data to quantify Mr. Pistorius's 11.9 second advantage over a
400-meter race. This second manuscript was a point/counterpoint
contribution that also appeared in the Journal of Applied Physiology. The peer review
of this second manuscript was conducted in accordance with the Journal's
policy as described on its website:
"Articles in the pro-and-con series are subject to peer-review by the
editor and editorial consultants, and acceptance cannot be guaranteed in
advance."
Our point/counterpoint manuscript was reviewed and accepted by the former
editor-in-chief of the Journal.
The two quantitative relationships used to determine the magnitude of Mr.
Pistorius' advantage first appeared in respective papers published in 2000
and 2003. The supporting data bases in the original and subsequent papers
include hundreds of all-out running trials that validated the accuracy of
these relationships to within 3.5% or less."
Hope this helps, even if just little....
Ken Jakalski
Lisle Senior High School
Lisle, IL USA
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Sun Jul 22, 2012 9:12 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"David P. Dillard" jwneastro
.
.
SPORTS MEDICINE :
PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND FITNESS :
MEDICAL: CONDITIONS: OBESITY :
FOOD DRINK NUTRITION DIET NUTRITION RESEARCH :
FOOD DRINK NUTRITION DIET: DRINK: ENERGY DRINKS:
Sugar-Laden Sports Drinks 'Cancel Out Exercise Gain'
.
.
Sugar-Laden Sports Drinks 'Cancel Out Exercise Gain'
Sports drinks can contain so many calories that consuming them often
cancels out the benefit of exercising, say medics.
By Stephen Adams, Medical Correspondent
6:30AM BST 19 Jul 2012
The Telegraph
http://www.telegrap
Sugar-laden-
.
A shorter URL for the above link:
.
http://tinyurl.
.
.
The vast majority should stick to drinking water instead, say Oxford
University researchers who put hundreds of marketing claims about sports
products to the test.
A 380ml bottle of Lucozade Energy contains 266 calories - virtually the
same as that in a Mars bar (260 calories) - which would take about half an
hour of jogging to burn off.
Dr Matthew Thompson, from the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine,
said drinking such products could completely counteract exercising more,
playing football more, going to the gym more in terms of weight loss.
.
snip
.
Dr Thompson and colleagues investigated 431 marketing claims of
performance enhancement, for 104 sports products including sports drinks,
protein shakes and trainers.
.
snip
.
However, writing in the British Medical Journal, the Oxford team said they
could only find three studies in total that were high quality with a low
risk of bias.
.
.
Evidence does not back performance claims for many sports products
Caroline White
Thursday, 19 July 2012
On Medica
http://www.onmedica
87d10776-3789-
.
A shorter URL for the above link:
.
http://tinyurl.
.
.
There is a striking lack of evidence to substantiate the performance
enhancing claims made for popular sports products such as drinks, trainers
and protein shakes, finds a joint investigation by the BMJ and BBC
Panorama.
.
New research carried out by the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine
and the BMJ, and published in the online journal BMJ Open, concludes that
no sound evidence could be found to support claims made by some of sports
biggest brands, and that it is virtually impossible for the public to make
informed choices about the benefits and harms of advertised sports
products.
.
The findings are also highly critical of the methods used by the European
Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to regulate these marketing claims.
.
snip
.
The investigation also explored the role of sports drinks companies in the
science of hydration and questions their links with some of the worlds
most influential sports bodies in a bid to gain public trust in their
products and persuade people that they need more than water when they
exercise.
.
Arthur Siegel, Associate Professor of Medicine at Harvard University, says
the public is being misled about the dangers of dehydration and industry
advice to stay ahead of thirst, when, in fact, drinking too much of any
liquid can be fatal.
.
The Oxford University team tested the evidence behind 431
performance-
including sports drinks, protein shakes and trainers.
.
snip
.
Yet only three (2.7%) of the studies the team was able to assess were
judged to be of high quality and at low risk of bias. They say this
absence of high-quality evidence is worrying and call for better research
in this area to help inform decisions.
.
.
'Gym and tonic' doubts about sports drinks
NHS Choices
http://www.nhs.
.
.
The Guardian says Research pours cold water on alleged benefits of sports
products, as specialist sports drinks are a waste of money, while the BBC
says that fancy trainers will not make you run faster.
.
Both stories are based on research that looked at whether there is any
evidence to support the claims made by advertisers for sports-related
products, such as sports drinks and trainers. The researchers say they
found a significant lack of evidence to support most claims that such
products lead to enhanced performance or recovery. Half of all the
websites they looked at provided no evidence at all and of those that did
half the evidence was judged to be unreliable. Only three of the 74
studies were found to be of high quality and these showed no significant
beneficial effect of the product.
.
This is not to say that it is a good idea to run a marathon in high heels,
but it does appear that the hype about expensive trainers making you
faster or fitter is not supported by scientific evidence.
.
The research forms part of a wider investigation into sports products and,
in particular, the sports drinks industry, that is being undertaken
jointly by the BBC and the BMJ.
.
There is also compelling evidence that many of the doctors who drew up
guidelines about how much, and when, athletes should drink had potential
conflicts of interest. For example, three out of the six clinicians
responsible for drawing up the 2007 US guidelines on sport and hydration
had financial links to sports drinks companies.
.
One independent expert, Professor Tim Noakes, argues that there is a very
simple method of knowing when you need to drink more liquids thirst.
.
.
Addtional Topics Covered in This Article:
.
Where did the story come from?
What kind of research was this?
What did the research involve?
What were the basic results?
How did the researchers interpret the results?
Conclusion
Links to the headlines
.
Research pours cold water on alleged benefits of sports products. The
Guardian, July 19 2012
http://www.guardian
research-sports-
.
A shorter URL for the above link:
.
http://tinyurl.
.
Sugar-laden sports drinks 'cancel out exercise gain'. The Daily Telegraph,
July 19 2012
http://www.telegrap
Sugar-laden-
.
A shorter URL for the above link:
.
http://tinyurl.
.
'Lack of evidence' that popular sports products work. BBC News, July 19
2012
http://www.bbc.
.
.
The complete articles may be read at the URLs provided for each.
.
.
BMJ Open2012;2:e001702 doi:10.1136/
Sports and exercise medicine
The evidence underpinning sports performance products: a systematic
assessment
OPEN ACCESS
Carl Heneghan1,
Jeremy Howick1,
Braden O'Neill1,
Peter J Gill1,
Daniel S Lasserson1,
Deborah Cohen2,
Ruth Davis1,
Alison Ward1,
Adam Smith2,
Greg Jones2,
Matthew Thompson1
+ Author Affiliations
1Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Primary Care Health
Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
2BMJ, London, UK
Correspondence to Dr Carl Heneghan; carl.heneghan@
Received 19 June 2012
Accepted 21 June 2012
Published 18 July 2012
Abstract
Background To assess the extent and nature of claims regarding improved
sports performance made by advertisers for a broad range of sports-related
products, and the quality of the evidence on which these claims are based.
.
snip
.
Conclusions The current evidence is not of sufficient quality to inform
the public about the benefits and harms of sports products. There is a
need to improve the quality and reporting of research, a move towards
using systematic review evidence to inform decisions.
http://bmjopen.
.
.
This is what Google Scholar finds on this topic:
http://scholar.
%22sports+drinks%
OR+obesity+OR+
value%22%29+
.
A shorter URL for the above link:
.
http://tinyurl.
.
Search Strategy
("sport drinks" OR "sports drinks" OR "protein shakes") AND (calories OR
obesity OR diet OR "weight gain" OR "nutritional value")
.
Sample Titles:
Improved endurance capacity following chocolate milk consumption compared
with 2 commercially available sport drinks
.
The interplay of public health law and industry self-regulation: the case
of sugar-sweetened beverage sales in schools
.
Acidic diet and dental erosion among athletes
.
Association of key foods and beverages with obesity in Australian
schoolchildren
.
Effect of two sports drinks on urinary lithogenicity
.
An evaluation of isotonic sport drinks during labor
.
Sports Drinks and Energy Drinks for Children and AdolescentsAre They
Appropriate?
.
.
SCIRUS
http://www.scirus.
%22sports+drinks%
OR+obesity+OR+
value%22%29+
.
A shorter URL for the above link:
.
http://tinyurl.
.
.
Content sources
Journal sources (896)
ScienceDirect (634)
Pubmed Central (95)
BioMed Central (54)
MEDLINE / PubMed (50)
Wiley-Blackwell (24)
SAGE Publications (17)
Hindawi Publishing Corporation (11)
Springer (7)
Nature Publishing Group (3)
IOP Publishing (1)
Preferred web (1,568)
Patent Offices (1,193)
NDLTD (161)
MD Consult (117)
Digital Archives (83)
RePEc (16)
Way (5)
DiVA (4)
MIT OpenCourseWare (3)
University of Toronto T-Space (2)
Organic Eprints (2)
Other web (16,506)
File types
HTML (14,292)
PDF (4,977)
Word (192)
PPT (127)
.
.
Content Sample:
.
.
1. Sports Drinks and Energy Drinks for Children and Adolescents: Are
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27. Dietary guidelines connect SoFAS and weight gain - MayoClinic.com
[44K]
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Hu, Frank B. / Malik, Vasanti S., Physiology & Behavior, 100 (1), p.47-54,
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Sun Jul 22, 2012 9:12 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"W.G. Johnson" ubermenschsports
> What specific tests one might use to monitor progress of key
performance variables specific to the biomechanical and metabolic
demands of the sport in question.
No approach vertical for VJ
> Also, I am a little unsure of where to place plyometric training
into the program, and which exercises to start with if the athlete has
no prior experience with jump training let alone minimal ground contact
time SSC activities. Could you start the athlete off with low intensity
drills in during GPP and begin to advance to more intensive drills
during the SPP or when the athlete shows competence in the easier
exercises?
To test speed strength perhaps a clean/snatch from the hip. However,
what to do if the athlete is not yet technically proficient in the
aforementioned exercise?
3 RM test: power snatch
> Am I correct in thinking that a similar height recorded between a
static 90 degree VJ and CMJ would indicate a high rate of force
development and signify a need for more maximal strength training?
No. More heavy squats combined w/power snatches and some supplemental plyos (jump rope, hops, etc.)
3 RM back squat
3 RM overhead squat
Increase in lean mass, reduction of body fat percentage (increased power to weight ratio).
> Which agility tests would be valid to test a volleyball players
movement? Namely that of an athlete playing the power position/spiker.
Scrimmage. Spikers tend to only need to move forward and backward to spike. Lateral movement is also equally simple...shuffle laterally.
> Also, I am a little unsure of where to place plyometric training
into the program, and which exercises to start with if the athlete has
no prior experience with jump training let alone minimal ground contact
time SSC activities. Could you start the athlete off with low intensity
drills in during GPP and begin to advance to more intensive drills
during the SPP or when the athlete shows competence in the easier
exercises?
Supplemental plyos such as jumping rope may be used as warm up before Weightlifting Consult NSCA guidelines for plyo training. I think a 1.5 times bodyweight is a minimal requirement before safely engaging in depth jumping and other intense plyo exercises. Joint stress from landing in high intensity plyo exercises is multiples of body weight. Unless you work with the athlete year round for years you will never get to SPP.
My cardio pulmonary conditioning training when preparing Karch Kiraly for Atlanta was 5 min rowing sprints on an Erg at a 1:30 pace, before lifting, combined with 10 yd wind sprints once or twice a week. Deceleration must be completed in 5 yds. Reps, rest time and sprint effort are variables. Kiraly practiced four days a week and competed every weekend during the season.
The result of 2 years of the synergistic use of Weightlifting and plyos resulted in 6'2" 220 lbs Kiraly showing a 40" no approach vertical and executing 265 lb 3 RM power snatches. He also did a 43" box jump w/30lb dumbell in each hand for 4x20 rep sets. Kiraly could also squat 450 lbs for reps. Remember he had been playing volleyball for 25 yrs so he had a superb training foundation to build on.
Your periodized program should be a fairly linear particularly with newbies , increase in stress as the athlete adapts, unless you are able to work with the athlete year round. Be attentive to the 3 major components of training:
Psychological
Physiological
Social
And remember:
Even the strongest have their moments of fatigue.
~ Friedrich Nietzsche
Are you training indoor or beach VB?
What age are your athletes?
How do you test for suitability for VB?
How often and how long are your strength training sessions?
Do you know how to teach Weightlifting?
What about the foundation of all training, diet?
W.G. Johnson
Ubermensch Sports Consultancy
San Diego, CA.
____________
From: brandong <cccp920292002@
To: Supertraining@
Sent: Friday, July 20, 2012 10:40 AM
Subject: [Supertraining] Re: Periodised programme for Volleyball
--- In Supertraining@
>
> Hello all
>
> I was wondering how one might structure a plan for a volleyball player.
>
> What specific tests one might use to monitor progress of key performance variables specific to the biomechanical and metabolic demands of the sport in question.
>
> I was thinking along the lines of RM back squat as max strength in the squat is highly correlated with vertical jump performance.
>
> To test speed strength perhaps a clean/snatch from the hip. However, what to do if the athlete is not yet technically proficient in the aforementioned exercise?
>
> Would a vertical jump test be the most valid as vertical jump performance is going to be a direct predictor of physical ability related to volleyball?
>
> Am I correct in thinking that a similar height recorded between a static 90 degree VJ and CMJ would indicate a high rate of force development and signify a need for more maximal strength training?
>
> Which agility tests would be valid to test a volleyball players movement? Namely that of an athlete playing the power position/spiker.
>
> Also, I am a little unsure of where to place plyometric training into the program, and which exercises to start with if the athlete has no prior experience with jump training let alone minimal ground contact time SSC activities. Could you start the athlete off with low intensity drills in during GPP and begin to advance to more intensive drills during the SPP or when the athlete shows competence in the easier exercises?
>
> I apologize if this post is asking too much. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
>
> Thanks for everyone's time.
>
> Jon Easdown
> London
>
I saw the USSR volleyball team in LA in the 80's. Their warmup made them look like they were a bunch of acrobats. Gymnastics and acrobatics are excellent gpp for volleyball (as well as other sports). The Oly lifts might not be too bad with the coordination and power requirements. For aerobic fitness basketball would not be too bad.Track is without peer for speed.
Brandon Green
Lompoc,CA.
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